Protecting Yourself in the Cold
Posted on December 13, 2011
Four factors contribute to cold stress: air temperatures, air movement, dampness of the air and contact with cold water or surfaces. A cold environment forces the body to work harder to maintain its core temperature. Those who live in colder climates understand the significance of wind chill, when the air temperature feels much colder due to wind speed. Wind chill is the combination of air temperature and wind speed. For example, when the air temperature is 40 F, and the wind speed is 35 mph, exposed skin receives conditions equivalent to the air temperature being 11 F.
HOW THE BODY REACTS
In a cold environment, most of the body's energy is used to keep the internal temperature warm. Over time, the body will begin to shift blood flow from extremities such as the hands, feet, arms, legs and outer skin to the core of the body, the chest and abdomen. This allows exposed skin and the extremities to cool rapidly and increases the risk of frostbite and hypothermia.
WHAT TO WEAR IN COLD WEATHER CONDITIONS:
- Wear at least three layers: an inner layer of wool, silk or synthetic to wick moisture away from the body; a middle layer of wool or synthetic to provide insulation; and an outer wind and rain protection layer that allows some ventilation to prevent overheating.
- Wear a hat or hood. Up to 40 percent of body heat can be lost when the head is left exposed.
- Wear insulated footwear.
- Keep a change of dry clothing available.
- With the exception of the wicking layer, do not wear tight clothing. Loose clothing allows better ventilation of heat away from the body.
- Do not underestimate the wetting effects of perspiration. Oftentimes, wicking and venting of the body's sweat and heat are more important than protecting from rain or snow.
- Winter days often are shorter and darker. Wear high visibility caps, coats and vests.
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